Jewish Life in Nazi Germany: Dilemmas and Responses by Francis R. Nicosia & David Scrase

Author:Francis R. Nicosia & David Scrase [Nicosia, Francis R. & Scrase, David]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780857458018
Amazon: 1845456769
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Published: 2012-08-01T16:00:00+00:00

Nachama et al., Jews in Berlin, 128.

See kurt Jacob Ball-kaduri, Das Leben der Juden in Deutschland im Jahre 1933 (Frankfurt am Main: europäische Verlags-Anstalt, 1963), 33, 39, 42, 122; and Donald Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 148–152.

See for example his diary entry for 11 June 1938 and his assertion that “the Jews must get out of Berlin. The police will help me accomplish this.” Ralf Georg Re-uth, ed., Joseph Goebbels: Tagebücher, 1935–1939, Bd. 3 (München: Piper-Verlag, 2003), 1223.

In spite of the pace of Jewish emigration from Germany after 1933, especially from Berlin, there were still some 140,000 Jews in Berlin in 1938. whereas about one-third of all German Jews had lived in Berlin in 1933, in 1938, the percentage had actually risen to about 40 percent. This can be explained only by the internal migration of Jews from smaller towns and the countryside to cities such as Berlin, a phenomenon that was usually encouraged by the police authorities. See walk, Jüdische Schule, 102.

See David Clay Large, Berlin (New York: Basic Books, 2000), 289ff.

Ibid., 272ff.

See for example Jacob Borut, “‘Verjudung des Judentums’: was There a Zionist Subculture in weimar Germany?” in In Search of Jewish Community: Jewish Identities in Germany and Austria, 1918–1933, ed. Michael Brenner and Derek J. Penslar (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), 92–114.

I use the term “assimilationist” to refer to those secular, non-Zionist or anti-Zionist German Jews who viewed themselves as Jewish by some confessional or cultural identity or practice, but German by nationality and culture, and who were very much integrated into the political, economic, social, and cultural life of their German homeland. It is important to remember that both the Zionists and the Nazis referred to them and their various organizations as “assimilationist.” However, the great majority of these so-called assimilationist German Jews neither sought to deny their Jewish identity nor stopped believing that one could be both Jewish and German at the same time. See Ruth Gay, The Jews of Germany, 202; and Saul Friedländer, The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945 (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 5.

Avraham Barkai, “Wehr Dich!” Der Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens 1893–1938 (Munich: C.H. Beck, 2002), 257. See also Avraham Barkai, “Between Deutschtum and Judentum: Ideological Controversies within the Centralverein,” in Brenner and Penslar, In Search of Jewish Community: Jewish Identities in Germany and Austria, 1918–1933, 74–75, 84–86.

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